Reutrers/U.S.
Navy
Srikandi - Dengan percambahan sistem senjata maut, semakin mampu menjalan-kan misi pengawasan jauh dengan manusia yang minimum, PBB menuntut pera-turan-peraturan mengenai mesin membunuh.
Negara anggota PBB pd Khamis memberi amaran,
di Konvensyen tahunan menge-nai Senjata Konvensional (CCW) di Geneva, bahawa
senjata autonomi sistem yg menampilkan teknologi yg boleh membawa maut,
akan meningkatkan pelanggar-an undang-undang antarabangsa dan kemanusiaan.
BACA
lanjut: Noam Chomsky panggilan Smerika Syarikat 'negara
pengganas utama DUNIA' READ
MORE: Noam Chomsky calls US 'world's leading terrorist state'
Sekatan ke atas teknologi pembunuh berdengung
jatuh di bawah apa yg dipanggil "pada konvensyen senjata konvensional
tertentu" - satu sub-seksyen dalam Konven-syen Geneva. Walau bagaimanapun,
ramai rakyat tlh menjadi mangsa kpd seran-gan berdengung.
Pada bulan Disember 2013, sebagai contoh, serangan
Amerika Syarikat di Yaman membunuh 15 orang yang dalam perjalanan ke majlis
perkahwinan. Pakistan, sementara itu, dianggarkan telah mengalami lebih
daripada 3,200 kematian serangan-drone sejak 2004, 175 dari orang-orang yang
kematian kanak-kanak.
Para perwakilan akan mengundi secara konsensus
pada petang Jumaat sama ada untuk terus tahun depan dgn rundingan pelbagai
hala mengenai perkara-perkara yg berkaitan dgn "maut sistem senjata
autonomi." Persidangan Geneva pada CCW ada pertemuan antarabangsa seperti
ke-2 tahun ini utk membincangkan kebang-kitan senjata maut autonomi.
Semasa sesi PBB sebelum ini mengenai senjata
autonomi, Christof Heyns, pelapor khas di luar undang-undang, ringkasan atau
hukuman sewenang-wenangnya, ber-kata teknologi itu perlu diharamkan. "Mesin
kekurangan moral dan kematian, dan hasilnya tidak harus mempunyai hidup dan
mati kuasa ke atas manusia," katanya.
UN Sounds
ALARM On Rise Of AUTONOMOUS
Killer ROBOTS’ . . .
With the proliferation of lethal weapons system,
increasingly capable of carrying out faraway missions with minimal human
oversight, the UN is demanding regula-tions on the killing machines.
UN member states on Thursday warned, at the
annual Convention on Conventional Weapons (CCW) in Geneva, that autonomous
weapons systems featuring the deadly technology, will increase violations of
international and humanitarian law.
Restrictions on killer drone technology falls
under the so-called “convention on certain conventional weapons” – a
sub-section of the Geneva Convention. However, many citizens have already
fallen victim to drone strikes.
In December 2013, for example, a US strike in
Yemen killed 15 people on their way to a wedding. Pakistan, meanwhile, is
estimated to have suffered over 3,200 drone-strike
fatalities since 2004, 175 of those deaths being children.
The delegates will vote by consensus on Friday
afternoon whether to continue next year with multilateral talks on subjects
relating to “lethal autonomous weapons systems.” The Geneva conference on CCW
was the second such international assembly this year to discuss the rise of
autonomous lethal weapons.
During the previous UN session on autonomous
weapons, Christof Heyns, special rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or
arbitrary executions, said the technology should be outlawed. “Machines lack
morality and mortality, and as a result should not have life and death powers
over humans,” he said.
Reuters/U.S.
Navy
Pemerhati Hak Asasi Manusia mentangani badan
antarabangsa pada hari Khamis, amaran masa yg suntuk utk menangani isu
teknologi yg boleh membawa maut ini, telah bertanggungjawab utk membunuh
ratusan orang awam yg tidak berdosa.
"Ada rasa yang mendesak tentang bagaimana
kita berurusan dengan robot pembunuh. Teknologi adalah berlumba-lumba ke
hadapan, "katanya.
Organisasi lain, Kempen Hentikan Robot Killer,
menghantar surat kpd persidangan PBB yang menyeru kpd pemimpin
"preemptively mengharamkan senjata yg akan pilih dan sasaran serangan
tanpa campur tangan manusia lagi."
"Kami mempunyai banyak kebimbangan dengan
senjata autonomi sepenuhnya, tetapi mungkin kebimbangan yang paling penting
kami adalah dengan tanggapan membenarkan mesin untuk mengambil kehidupan
manusia di medan perang atau dalam penguatkuasaan undang-undang dan
keadaan-keadaan lain," kata surat itu.
Minggu ini, New York Times melaporkan bahawa
Britain, Israel & Norway adalah "sudah menggerakkan peluru berpandu &
pesawat yg melancarkan serangan ter-hadap radar musuh, kereta kebal atau kapal
tanpa kawalan manusia secara lang-sung." Selepas pelancaran, kenderaan
udara atas kapal sensor automatik memilih sasaran.
BACA
lagi: lelaki Yaman mendakwa Jerman banyak serangan serangan drone yang membunuh saudara-saudaranya READ MORE: Yemeni man sues Germany over US drone attack that killed
his relatives
Sementara itu, Lockheed Martin sedang
membangunkan apa yang dipanggil Anti-Kapal peluru berpandu Long Range yg
dilancarkan oleh B-1 pengebom dan direka untuk memusnahkan sasaran dengan
jumlah minimum kawalan manusia. Peluru berpandu ini direka bagi mendapatkan
"beratus-ratus batu, manuver sendiri utk mengelakkan radar, dan dpd hubungan radio dgn pengawal manusia," Times yang menyatakan.
Menurut Biro Siasatan Kewartawanan, dpd 746
orang yg disenaraikan sebagai terbunuh dlm serangan drone CIA antara
Januari 2006 & Oktober 2009, sekurang-kurangnya 147 orang mati yang
dilaporkan akan menjadi orang awam. Daripada jumlah itu kematian, 94 dikatakan
anak-anak.
Human Rights Watch addressed the international
body on Thursday, warning that time was running out on addressing the issue of
this deadly technology, already responsible for killing hundreds of innocent
civilians.
“There is a sense of urgency about how we deal
with killer robots. Technology is racing ahead,” it said.
Another organization, the Campaign to Stop
Killer Robots, sent a letter to the UN conference that called on leaders to
“preemptively ban weapons that would select and attack targets without further
human intervention.”
“We have many concerns with these fully
autonomous weapons, but perhaps our most significant concern is with the notion
of permitting a machine to take a human life on the battlefield or in law
enforcement and other situations,” the letter said.
This week, the New York Times reported that
Britain, Israel & Norway are “already deploying missiles and drones that
carry out attacks against enemy radar, tanks or ships without direct human
control.” After launch, the aerial vehicles on-board sensors automatically
choose targets.
Meanwhile, Lockheed Martin is developing a
so-called Long Range Anti-Ship Missile, which is launched by a B-1 bomber and
is designed to destroy its target with a minimal amount of human control. The
missile is designed to travel for “hundreds of miles, maneuvering on its own to
avoid radar, and out of radio contact with human controllers,” the Times article
noted.
According to the Bureau of Investigative
Journalism, of 746 people listed as killed in CIA drone strikes between January
2006 and October 2009, at least 147 of the dead are reported to be civilians.
Of that number of fatalities, 94 are said to be children.
READ
MORE: http://on.rt.com/6xyhpy
