U.S. President Barack
Obama (Reuters/Larry Downing)
Srikandi - 5 tahun daripada Presiden
Barack Obama yang menyungkit Nobel Peace Prize, dan White House telah mengambil
apa-apa tetapi pendekatan Zen kepada dasar luar di bawah penyeliaan beliau.
Berikut adalah 5 bahagian yang bergerak tidak begitu aman
pemenang yang telah dibuat dalam setengah dekad yang lalu.
1. Lonjakan Afghanistan
Obama tidak bermula perang di Afghanistan, tetapi dia pasti
mengambil halaman daripada playbook terdahulu dalam cuba untuk
menyelesaikannya. Beliau diiktiraf kedudukan tidak menentu pada masa hadiah.
5 Not-SO-Peaceful OBAMA Actions Since NABBING
Nobel PRIZE . .
.
Five years on from President Barack Obama scooping a Nobel
Peace Prize, and the White House has taken anything but a Zen approach to
foreign policy under his watch. Here are the top 5 not-so-peaceful moves the
laureate has made in the past half-decade.
1. Afghan Surge
Obama didn’t start the war in Afghanistan, but he certainly
took a page from his predecessors playbook in trying to finish it. He
recognized his precarious position at prize time.
Presiden Amerika
Syarikat, Barack Obama memegang beliau Noble Peace Prize dalam Majlis Nobel
Peace Prize di Dewan Bandaraya Oslo di Oslo pada 10 Disember 2009 (US President
Barack Obama holds his Noble Peace Prize during the Nobel Peace Prize Ceremony
at the Oslo City Hall in Oslo on December 10, 2009 (AFP Photo/Jewel Samad)
"Tetapi mungkin isu yang paling mendalam sekitar
penerimaan saya hadiah ini adalah hakikat bahawa saya ‘commander-in-chief’
daripada sebuah negara di tengah-tengah 2 perang tersebut," katanya
selepas menerima Hadiah Nobel di Oslo, Norway, pada Disember 9, 2009.
Walaupun beliau berkata perang di Iraq telah
"mereda," perkara-perkara di Afghanistan telah baru bermula untuk
menjadi panas.
Seminggu sebelum menerima hadiah, Obama mengumumkan beliau
telah meng-hantar 33,000 lagi askar ke Afghanistan sebagai sebahagian dpd "dasar lonjakan," beliau bertujuan untuk mengalahkan belakang Taliban
& melatih pasukan kesela-matan Afghanistan utk membawa negara ke dalam
tangan mereka sendiri.
Tahun-tahun berikut akan menjadi dahsyat untuk kedua-dua
tentera Amerika Syarikat dan orang awam Afghanistan. Sekali lagi, ia bukan
peperangan Obama. Tetapi tiba . . .
"But perhaps the most profound issue surrounding my
receipt of this prize is the fact that I am the commander-in-chief of a nation
in the midst of two wars," he said after accepting the Nobel Prize in
Oslo, Norway, on December 9, 2009.
While he said the war in Iraq was “winding down,” things in
Afghanistan were just starting to heat up. A week before accepting the prize,
Obama announced he was sending 33,000 more troops to Afghanistan as part of his
“surge policy,” intended to beat back the Taliban and train Afghan security
forces to take the country into their own hands.
The following years would become the deadliest for both US
troops and Afghan civilians. Again, it wasn’t Obama’s war. But then came . . .
Reuters/Mark Wilson
2. Serangan Ketenteraan di Libya
Berikut Resolusi PBB 1973 pd 17 Mac, 2011, yg dipanggil
utk "gencatan senjata segera" di Libya & membenarkan masyarakat
antarabangsa untuk menubuhkan sebuah zon larangan terbang untuk melindungi
orang awam, Obama, bersama-sama dengan sekutu NATO beliau, tidak lama lagi akan
melancarkan serangan ketenteraan utk menghidupkan arus 2011 Perang Saudara di
negeri Afrika Utara.
NATO dijalankan 9,700 sorties mogok dan merosot sejak 7,700
bom tepat. laporan Hak Asasi Manusia ‘Human Rights Watch report’ akan pergi ke butiran 8
insiden di mana sekurang-kurangnya 72 orang awam Libya mati akibat kempen
udara.
2. Military strikes in Libya
Following UN Resolution 1973 on March 17, 2011, which called
for “an immediate ceasefire" in Libya and authorized the international
community to set up a no-fly zone to protect civilians, Obama, along with his
NATO allies, would soon launch military strikes to turn the tide of the 2011
Civil War in the North African state.
NATO conducted 9,700 strike sorties and dropped over 7,700
precision bombs. A Human Rights Watch report would go on to detail
eight incidents where at least 72 Libyan civilians died as a result of the
aerial campaign.
Sebuah bangunan yang digunakan oleh tentera Gaddafi bagi
kenderaan perkhidmatan dilihat dalam runtuhan berikutan serangan udara NATO di
bandar Bir al-Ghanam di barat Libya, 8 Ogos 2011 (A building used by Gaddafi
troops to service vehicles is seen in rubble following a NATO airstrike in the
town of Bir al-Ghanam in western Libya, August 8, 2011 (Reuters / Bob Strong)
Tetapi kerosakan sebenar untuk menumbangkan rejim Gaddafi
yang datang pada tahun-tahun berikutnya, dgn negara yg turun ke dalam
perang saudara antara tentera Islam dan kerajaan selepas revolusi yang lemah.
Pada bulan Ogos, Obama mengakui dasar Libya ialah kegagalan,
tetapi bukan kerana beliau memilih utk campur tangan ketenteraan. Sebaliknya,
beliau berkata masalah itu bahawa Amerika dan rakan-rakan Eropah tidak
"datang berkuat kuasa penuh" untuk mengambil Gaddafi keluar.
Walaupun beliau ketika itu Setiausaha Negara Hillary Clinton
seolah-olah bergem-bira dalam kematian-Nya, wryly menyatakan "Kami datang,
kita lihat, dia mati."
But the real damage to overthrowing the Gaddafi regime came
in the ensuing years, with the country descending into a civil war between
Islamist forces and the weak post-revolutionary government. In August, Obama
admitted his Libyan policy was a failure, but not because he chose to intervene
militarily.
Rather, he says the problem was that America and its European
partners did not “come in full force” to take Gaddafi out. Although his
then-Secretary of State Hillary Clinton seemed to rejoice in his death, wryly
noting “We came, we saw, he died.”
Sebuah bangunan yang digunakan oleh tentera Gaddafi bagi
kenderaan perkhidmatan dilihat dalam runtuhan berikutan serangan udara NATO di
bandar Bir al-Ghanam di barat Libya, 8 Ogos 2011 (A building used by Gaddafi
troops to service vehicles is seen in rubble following a NATO airstrike in the
town of Bir al-Ghanam in western Libya, August 8, 2011 (Reuters/Bob Strong)
3. Drone Wars di Yaman, Pakistan
Sejak Amerika Syarikat mula mensasarkan militan Yaman pada
tahun 2002, Obama telah melancarkan semua tetapi salah satu daripada 15
serangan udara dan 101 serangan drone di negara ini.
Menurut portal web New America.net, yg teliti dipatuhi
data mengenai serangan, sehingga 1,073 orang terbunuh dalam serangan.
Dianggarkan 81-87 yg terbunuh adalah orang awam, manakala identiti 31-50 lain
masih tidak diketahui. Tetapi Yaman hanya merupakan salah satu cabang dalam
Obama yg dipanggil Perangan drone, walaupun, seperti yang akan kita lihat, ianya merupakan tapak kejadian permainan berubah.
3. Drone Wars in Yemen, Pakistan
Since the US first started targeting Yemeni militants in
2002, Obama has launched all but one of the 15 airstrikes and 101 drone strikes
in the country. According to the web portal New America.net, which has meticulously
complied data on the strikes, up to 1,073 people have been killed in the
strikes.
An estimated 81-87 of those killed were civilians, while the
identity of another 31-50 remains unknown. But Yemen was just one prong in
Obama’s so-called Drone War, though, as we shall see, it was the site of a
game-changing incident.
Imej dari newamerica.net menunjukkan lokasi serangan drone di
Yaman (Image from newamerica.net showing location of drone strikes in Yemen)
Tidak seperti di Yaman, serangan drone di Pakistan telah
memihak lama sebelum Obama berkuasa. Laporan yang dijalankan oleh Stanford dan
sekolah Undang-undang New York Universiti 'mendapati bahawa antara 2562 dan
3325 orang terbunuh oleh serandan drone di Pakistan antara Jun 2004 dan
pertengahan bulan September 2012.
Di mana-mana di antara 474 dan 881 daripada mereka telah
orang awam, dan 176 adalah kanak-kanak. Walaupun Obama tidak memulakan
berdengung perang Pakistan, beliau secara agresif meluaskannya.
Unlike in Yemen, drone strikes in Pakistan were in favor long
before Obama came to power. A report conducted by Stanford and New York
Universities’ Law schools found that between 2,562 and 3,325 people were killed
by drone strikes in Pakistan between June 2004 and mid-September 2012.
Anywhere between 474 and 881 of those were civilians, and 176
were children. While Obama didn’t start the Pakistani drone war, he
aggressively expanded it.
Imej dari newamerica.net menunjukkan lokasi serangan drone di
Pakistan (Image from newamerica.net showing location of drone strikes in
Pakistan)
Antara 2004 dan 2007, hanya 10 serangan drone telah
dilancarkan di Pakistan. Pada tahun berikutnya menyaksikan 36 serangan itu, dan
54 telah dilancarkan pada tahun 2009.
Between 2004 and 2007, only 10 drone strikes were launched in
Pakistan. The following year saw 36 such strikes, and 54 were launched in 2009.
Orang berkumpul di tapak mogok berdengung di jalan raya
antara Yafe dan Radfan daerah wilayah Yaman selatan Lahj 11 Ogos 2013 (People
gather at the site of a drone strike on the road between Yafe and Radfan
districts of the southern Yemeni province of Lahj August 11, 2013 (Reuters/Stringer)
Tetapi 2010 akan menjadi tahun paling dahsyat setakat ini,
dengan 122 serangan dilancarkan dan 849 orang terbunuh. Dia akan pergi untuk
memberi kuasa kepada 73 dan 46 masing-masing mogok pada tahun 2011 dan 2012.
But 2010 would be the deadliest year by far, with 122 strikes
launched and 849 people killed. He would go on to authorize 73 and 46 strikes
in 2011 and 2012 respectively.
Pelajar Islam Pakistan berkumpul di sebuah seminari agama
musnah milik rangkaian Haqqani selepas serangan drone Amerika Syarikat di
daerah Hangu di wilayah Khyber Pakhtunkhwa pada November 21, 2013 (Pakistani
Islamic students gather at a destroyed religious seminary belonging to the
Haqqani network after US drone strike in the Hangu district of Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa province on November 21, 2013 (AFP Photo / SB Shah)
Berikutan pembangkang meluas di rumah dan di luar negara,
pada bulan Mei 2013, Obama berjanji era baru ketelusan untuk melindungi orang
awam, berkata kawalan program itu akan dipindahkan dari CIA untuk Pentagon.
Tetapi . . .
4. Obama mempunyai senarai kill rahsia
Pada bulan Februari 2013, justifikasi undang-undang dalaman
pentadbiran Obama untuk membunuh rakyat Amerika Syarikat di luar negara datang
kepada cahaya buat kali pertama.
Menurut dokumen Jabatan Kehakiman ‘Justice Department document’, White House mempunyai kuasa undang-undang untuk membunuh
rakyat Amerika yang "pemimpin kanan operasi," Al-Qaeda atau
"kuasa bersekutu" walaupun mereka tidak terlibat secara aktif dalam
apa2 plot aktif utk menyerang Amerika Syarikat .
Pada bulan September 2011, serangan drone Amerika Syarikat di
Yaman membu-nuh 2 warga Amerika: Anwar al-Awlaki & Samir Khan. Bulan
berikutnya, serangan drone membunuh anak lelakinya yang berusia 16-tahun
al-Awlaki, yang dilahirkan di Colorado.
Following widespread opposition at home and abroad, in May
2013, Obama promised a new era of transparency to protect civilians, saying
control of the program would be transferred from the CIA to the Pentagon. But .
. .
4. Obama has a secret kill list
In February 2013, the Obama administration’s internal legal
justification for assassinating US citizens abroad came to light for the first
time. According to the Justice Department document, the White House has the legal authority to kill Americans
who are "senior operational leaders," of Al-Qaeda or "an associated
force" even if they are not actively engaged in any active plot to attack
the US.
In September 2011, a US drone strike in Yemen killed two
American citizens: Anwar al-Awlaki and Samir Khan. The following month, a drone
strike killed al-Awlaki’s 16-year-old son, who was born in Colorado.
#TRUTH RT@LibertarianWing pic.twitter.com/rtTw33hSra | #AlAwlaki #Trayvon #Ferguson #MSMHandPicksNews #NDAA #Drones #oBOMBa #ObamaKillList 7:15 AM - 18 Aug
2014
Konsep Presiden Amerika Syarikat yang menjalankan hak untuk
membunuh rakyat Amerika Syarikat tanpa faedah perbicaraan telah bergema di seluruh
budaya Amerika.
The concept of the US president exercising the right to kill
US citizens without the benefit of a trial has resonated throughout American
culture.
U.S. President Barack Obama.(Reuters/Jonathan Ernst)
Dalam filem komik-buku yang diilhamkan 'Kapten Amerika: Askar
Winter', isu pembunuhan dan " senarai membunuh" ciri-ciri penting
dalam plot.
5. persempadanan semula garisan merah
Presiden Barack Obama menarik garis merah di sekitar
penggunaan Syria senjata kimia, menolak masyarakat antarabangsa untuk menghukum
Damsyik dengan serangan ketenteraan berikutan 21 Ogos Ghouta Attack.
In the comic-book-inspired film ‘Captain America: The Winter
Soldier’, the issue of targeted killings and “kill lists” features prominently
in the plot.
5. Redrawing red lines
President Barack Obama drew a red line around Syria’s use of
chemical weapons, pushing the international community to punish Damascus with
military strikes following the August 21 Ghouta Attack.
People, terjejas oleh apa yang aktivis berkata adalah gas
saraf, yang dirawat di sebuah hospital di kejiranan Duma di Damsyik 21 Ogos
2013 (People, affected by what activists say is nerve gas, are treated at a
hospital in the Duma neighbourhood of Damascus August 21, 2013 (Reuters)
Selepas Inggeris menolak keras serangan udara, Moscow dan Washington yg telah mengambil jalan diplomatik, menyebabkan perjanjian bersejarah
yg telah menyak-sikan Damsyik meninggalkan stok simpanan senjata kimia.
After the UK balked at airstrikes, Moscow and Washington took the diplomatic
route, resulting in a historic deal that has seen Damascus abandon its
chemical weapons stockpiles.
Setiausaha Negara Amerika Syarikat John Kerry (dariKiri) dan Rusia
Menteri Luar Sergei Lavrov isyarat, berikutan mesyuarat mengenai Syria, pada
sidang akhbar di Geneva September 14, 2013 (U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry
(L) and Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov gesture, following meetings
regarding Syria, at a news conference in Geneva September 14, 2013 ( Reuters/Larry
Downing)
Tetapi serangan udara Amerika Syarikat ke atas Syria hanya
ditangguhkan. Pada 8 Ogos 2014, Amerika Syarikat memulakan pengeboman kononnya
Negara Islam (IS) militan di Iraq untuk protect parti Kurd. Bulan berikutnya,
Amerika Syarikat akan melancarkan serangan udara terhadap militan IS di Syria
juga.
Dari semua campur tangan tentera Amerika Syarikat pada
tahun-tahun kebela-kangan ini, peperangan menentang IS telah bertemu dengan
sokongan yang besar. Masih, Syria merupakan negara yg ke-7 Obama telah bom
dalam tempoh 6 tahun.
But US-led airstrikes on Syria were only postponed. On August
8, 2014, the United States started bombing so-called Islamic State (IS) militants
in Iraq to protect embattled Kurds.
The following month, the US would launch airstrikes against
IS militants in Syria as well. Of all the US military interventions in recent
years, the battle against the IS has been met with widespread approval. Still, Syria
was the seventh country Obama has bombed in six years.
Letupan berikutan berhawa mogok dilihat di bandar Syria
Kobani dari dekat Mursitpinar sempadan lintasan di sempadan Turki-Syria di
bandar tenggara Suruç, di wilayah Sanliurfa, 29 Oktober 2014 (An explosion
following an air-strike is seen in the Syrian town of Kobani from near the
Mursitpinar border crossing on the Turkish-Syrian border in the southeastern
town of Suruc, in Sanliurfa province, October 29, 2014 (Reuters/Yannis
Behrakis)
Cukup satu pencapaian untuk Nobel Peace Prize-pemenang.
Quite a feat for a Nobel Peace Prize-winner.
U.S. President Barack Obama (U.S. President Barack Obama (Reuters/Kevin
Lamarque)
